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polyclonal rabbit anti bsg antibodies  (Proteintech)


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    Structured Review

    Proteintech polyclonal rabbit anti bsg antibodies
    Polyclonal Rabbit Anti Bsg Antibodies, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 70 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/polyclonal+rabbit+anti+bsg+antibodies/CD147+Antibody/pm41708154-57-18-25
    Average 94 stars, based on 70 article reviews
    polyclonal rabbit anti bsg antibodies - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    94/100 stars

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    Incubation:

    Article Title: Evaluating Basigin as a Potential Biomarker of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.
    Article Snippet: .. Sections were blocked for 2 h with 5% normal swine serum in PBS and subsequently incubated overnight with polyclonal rabbit anti- BSG antibodies diluted 1:400 (Proteintech Group Inc., Rosemont, Illinois, USA; #11989- 1- AP) at 4°C. .. Next, sections were incubated with biotinylated polyclonal goat anti- rabbit diluted 1:400 (Vector Laboratories, Newark, California, USA, #BA- 1000) for 30 min at RT.



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    Image Search Results


    (A) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human SOD1 WT , SOD1 G93A , or empty plasmid (mock) for 48h and treated with 0.5nM PPIA during the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (B) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with siRNA control (siCTR) or against EMMPRIN (siEMN) for 72h, including 48h transfection with human SOD1 WT or SOD1 G93A and 24h treatment with 0.5nM PPIA. Data are mean±SEM of n=5 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (C) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human SOD1 WT or SOD1 G93A plasmids for 48h and treated with a combination of 0.5nM PPIA and 0.5nM of control (CTR Ab) or anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) antibody for the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For all experiments: All data were obtained by luciferase assay. Data are expressed as fold of Mock untreated cells. Relative luminescence units (RLU) were normalized on total proteins (TP, μg); *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human SOD1 WT , SOD1 G93A , or empty plasmid (mock) for 48h and treated with 0.5nM PPIA during the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (B) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with siRNA control (siCTR) or against EMMPRIN (siEMN) for 72h, including 48h transfection with human SOD1 WT or SOD1 G93A and 24h treatment with 0.5nM PPIA. Data are mean±SEM of n=5 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (C) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human SOD1 WT or SOD1 G93A plasmids for 48h and treated with a combination of 0.5nM PPIA and 0.5nM of control (CTR Ab) or anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) antibody for the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For all experiments: All data were obtained by luciferase assay. Data are expressed as fold of Mock untreated cells. Relative luminescence units (RLU) were normalized on total proteins (TP, μg); *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Luciferase

    (A-D) Representative western blot of (A) lysates from 72h transfected Hek cells expressing human SOD1 WT , SOD1 G93A , or empty plasmid (mock) and relative quantification of PPIA (B) , low-glycosylated (37kDa) (C) and high-glycosylated (50kDa) (D) forms of EMMPRIN (EMN). Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments. One-Way Anova followed by uncorrected Fisher’s LSD test. (E-G) Representative western blot of (E) media from 72h transfected Hek cells expressing human SOD1 WT , SOD1 G93A , or empty plasmid (mock) and relative quantification of extracellular PPIA (ePPIA) (F) and soluble EMMPRIN (sEMN) (G) . Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments. One-Way Anova followed by uncorrected Fisher’s LSD test. (H) Luciferase assay for NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human SOD1 WT or SOD1 G93A plasmids for 72h and treated with 0.5nM of control (CTR Ab) or anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) antibody for the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments expressed as fold of Mock untreated cells. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For all experiments: Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). Relative luminescence units (RLU) were normalized on total proteins (TP, μg). *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-D) Representative western blot of (A) lysates from 72h transfected Hek cells expressing human SOD1 WT , SOD1 G93A , or empty plasmid (mock) and relative quantification of PPIA (B) , low-glycosylated (37kDa) (C) and high-glycosylated (50kDa) (D) forms of EMMPRIN (EMN). Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments. One-Way Anova followed by uncorrected Fisher’s LSD test. (E-G) Representative western blot of (E) media from 72h transfected Hek cells expressing human SOD1 WT , SOD1 G93A , or empty plasmid (mock) and relative quantification of extracellular PPIA (ePPIA) (F) and soluble EMMPRIN (sEMN) (G) . Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments. One-Way Anova followed by uncorrected Fisher’s LSD test. (H) Luciferase assay for NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human SOD1 WT or SOD1 G93A plasmids for 72h and treated with 0.5nM of control (CTR Ab) or anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) antibody for the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments expressed as fold of Mock untreated cells. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For all experiments: Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). Relative luminescence units (RLU) were normalized on total proteins (TP, μg). *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Quantitative Proteomics, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Control

    (A) Representative western blot and relative quantification of the high-glycosylated (50kDa) (B) and the low-glycosylated (37kDa) (C) forms of EMMPRIN (EMN) in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord of Ntg (black dots) and SOD1 G93A (red dots) mice. Two-Way Anova: HG-EMN (interaction, p=0.084; age, p<0.0001; genotype, p<0.0001) followed by T-test for genotype comparison: HG-EMN (PS, p=0.4986; ON, **, p=0.0064; SY, ***, p=0.0005; ES, **, p=0.0052); LG-EMN (interaction, p=0.6868; age, p=0.825; genotype, p=0.831). One-Way Anova for linear trend: HG-EMN, p<0.0001; LG-EMN, p=0.0636. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). Data are mean±SEM of n=5 mice/stage. (D) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in neuronal cells (NeuN, green) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and SOD1 G93A mice at the onset of the disease. Large neurons, i.e motoneurons, are labeled by anti-EMMPRIN antibody. Experiments have been performed in n=3 mice/group. (E) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in astrocytes (GFAP, green) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and SOD1 G93A mice at an advanced symptomatic stage. (F) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in microglia (Iba1, red) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and SOD1 G93A mice at an advanced symptomatic stage. Of note, E and F are the same image but with split channels and performed appropriate merge. (G) Relative quantification of the percentage of astrocytes (GFAP) or microglia (Iba1) expressing EMMPRIN. Two-Way Anova (interaction, p=0.0003; age, p<0.0001; cell type, p<0.0001) followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test for cell type comparison (***PS, p=0.0001; ON, SY, ES ****, p<0.0001). One-Way Anova for linear trend: GFAP, p<0.0001; Iba1, p<0.0001. Data are mean±SEM of n=4-5 mice/stage. For all experiment: PS, presymptomatic; ON, onset; SY, symptomatic; ES, end-stage. For D-F scale bar = 100μm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative western blot and relative quantification of the high-glycosylated (50kDa) (B) and the low-glycosylated (37kDa) (C) forms of EMMPRIN (EMN) in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord of Ntg (black dots) and SOD1 G93A (red dots) mice. Two-Way Anova: HG-EMN (interaction, p=0.084; age, p<0.0001; genotype, p<0.0001) followed by T-test for genotype comparison: HG-EMN (PS, p=0.4986; ON, **, p=0.0064; SY, ***, p=0.0005; ES, **, p=0.0052); LG-EMN (interaction, p=0.6868; age, p=0.825; genotype, p=0.831). One-Way Anova for linear trend: HG-EMN, p<0.0001; LG-EMN, p=0.0636. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). Data are mean±SEM of n=5 mice/stage. (D) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in neuronal cells (NeuN, green) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and SOD1 G93A mice at the onset of the disease. Large neurons, i.e motoneurons, are labeled by anti-EMMPRIN antibody. Experiments have been performed in n=3 mice/group. (E) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in astrocytes (GFAP, green) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and SOD1 G93A mice at an advanced symptomatic stage. (F) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in microglia (Iba1, red) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and SOD1 G93A mice at an advanced symptomatic stage. Of note, E and F are the same image but with split channels and performed appropriate merge. (G) Relative quantification of the percentage of astrocytes (GFAP) or microglia (Iba1) expressing EMMPRIN. Two-Way Anova (interaction, p=0.0003; age, p<0.0001; cell type, p<0.0001) followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison test for cell type comparison (***PS, p=0.0001; ON, SY, ES ****, p<0.0001). One-Way Anova for linear trend: GFAP, p<0.0001; Iba1, p<0.0001. Data are mean±SEM of n=4-5 mice/stage. For all experiment: PS, presymptomatic; ON, onset; SY, symptomatic; ES, end-stage. For D-F scale bar = 100μm.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, Comparison, Expressing, Labeling

    (A) Representative image of primary cultures of NTg and SOD1 G93A astrocytes. Most of the cells present in the preparation are astrocytes (GFAP), and only a very small percentage of microglia (Iba1) cells is detected. Scale bar = 100μm. (B) Representative western blot and (C) relative quantification of EMMPRIN (EMN) in NTg astrocytes treated 24h with 0.5nM recombinant PPIA. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments (dots) expressed as fold of NTg cells. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). *, p<0.05 by unpaired T-Test. (D) Relative quantification of factors released by NTg astrocytes after 24h of treatment with 0.5nM recombinant PPIA (N:P) compared to untreated NTg astrocytes (N:U). Red (upregulated), black (unchanged), blue (downregulated). Pooled media of n=5 preparations in duplicate. Data are expressed as fold of NTg untreated cells (N:U). *, p<0.05 versus untreated NTg astrocytes by unpaired T-Test. Relative fold change, p-value, difference and q-value are listed in Supplementary Table 1. (E) Pie chart of upregulated, unchanged or downregulated proteins in NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA compared to untreated NTg astrocytes. (F) Significant leading pathways related to the 43 upregulated proteins found in NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA. Proteins associated with the pathways are listed in Supplementary Table 2.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative image of primary cultures of NTg and SOD1 G93A astrocytes. Most of the cells present in the preparation are astrocytes (GFAP), and only a very small percentage of microglia (Iba1) cells is detected. Scale bar = 100μm. (B) Representative western blot and (C) relative quantification of EMMPRIN (EMN) in NTg astrocytes treated 24h with 0.5nM recombinant PPIA. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments (dots) expressed as fold of NTg cells. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). *, p<0.05 by unpaired T-Test. (D) Relative quantification of factors released by NTg astrocytes after 24h of treatment with 0.5nM recombinant PPIA (N:P) compared to untreated NTg astrocytes (N:U). Red (upregulated), black (unchanged), blue (downregulated). Pooled media of n=5 preparations in duplicate. Data are expressed as fold of NTg untreated cells (N:U). *, p<0.05 versus untreated NTg astrocytes by unpaired T-Test. Relative fold change, p-value, difference and q-value are listed in Supplementary Table 1. (E) Pie chart of upregulated, unchanged or downregulated proteins in NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA compared to untreated NTg astrocytes. (F) Significant leading pathways related to the 43 upregulated proteins found in NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA. Proteins associated with the pathways are listed in Supplementary Table 2.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, Recombinant

    Relative quantification of extracellular PPIA (ePPIA) (A) , EMMPRIN (EMN) (B) and the phosphorylated form pf p65/NF-kB (p-p65) (C) in NTg and SOD1 G93A astrocytes. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments (dots) expressed as fold of NTg cells. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01 by unpaired T-Test. (D) Relative quantification of factors released in 24h conditioned medium from SOD1 G93A astrocytes (G:U) compared to NTg astrocytes (N:U). Red (upregulated), black (unchanged), blue (downregulated). Pooled media of n=5 preparations in duplicate. Data are expressed as fold of Ntg untreated cells (N:U). *, p<0.05 versus untreated NTg astrocytes by unpaired T-Test. Relative fold change, p-value, difference and q-value are listed in Supplementary Table 3. (E) Pie chart of upregulated, unchanged or downregulated proteins in SOD1 G93A astrocytes compared to untreated NTg astrocytes. (F) Venn diagram showing 42 commonly secreted proteins between NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA (N:P) and SOD1 G93A astrocytes untreated (G:U). List of common proteins is present in Supplementary Table 4. (G) Significant leading pathways related to the 62 upregulated proteins found in SOD1 G93A astrocytes. Pathways found also in NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA are labelled with a star. Proteins associated with the pathways are listed in Supplementary Table 5.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative quantification of extracellular PPIA (ePPIA) (A) , EMMPRIN (EMN) (B) and the phosphorylated form pf p65/NF-kB (p-p65) (C) in NTg and SOD1 G93A astrocytes. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments (dots) expressed as fold of NTg cells. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01 by unpaired T-Test. (D) Relative quantification of factors released in 24h conditioned medium from SOD1 G93A astrocytes (G:U) compared to NTg astrocytes (N:U). Red (upregulated), black (unchanged), blue (downregulated). Pooled media of n=5 preparations in duplicate. Data are expressed as fold of Ntg untreated cells (N:U). *, p<0.05 versus untreated NTg astrocytes by unpaired T-Test. Relative fold change, p-value, difference and q-value are listed in Supplementary Table 3. (E) Pie chart of upregulated, unchanged or downregulated proteins in SOD1 G93A astrocytes compared to untreated NTg astrocytes. (F) Venn diagram showing 42 commonly secreted proteins between NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA (N:P) and SOD1 G93A astrocytes untreated (G:U). List of common proteins is present in Supplementary Table 4. (G) Significant leading pathways related to the 62 upregulated proteins found in SOD1 G93A astrocytes. Pathways found also in NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA are labelled with a star. Proteins associated with the pathways are listed in Supplementary Table 5.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics

    Relative quantification of extracellular PPIA (ePPIA) (A) , EMMPRIN (EMN) (B) and the phosphorylated form pf p65/NF-kB (p-p65) (C) in SOD1 G93A astrocytes treated 24h with 0.5nM anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) or isotype control (CTR Ab) antibodies. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments (dots) expressed as fold of NTg cells. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001 by unpaired T-Test. (D) Relative quantification of the 42 commonly secreted factors between untreated SOD1 G93A and NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA (List in Supplementary Table 4) released from SOD1 G93A astrocytes after 24h treatment with 0.5nM anti-EMMPRIN (G:E) or isotype control (G:C) antibodies. Red (upregulated), black (unchanged), blue (downregulated). Pooled media of n=4 preparations in duplicate. Data are expressed as fold of Ntg untreated cells (N:U). *, p<0.05; ** versus SOD1 G93A astrocytes treated with control antibody by unpaired T-Test. Relative fold change, p-value, difference and q-value are listed in Supplementary Table 6. (E) Pie chart of upregulated, unchanged or downregulated proteins in SOD1 G93A astrocytes treated with anti-EMMPRIN compared to control antibody treated SOD1 G93A astrocytes. (F) Significant leading pathways related to the 30 downregulated proteins found in SOD1 G93A astrocytes after anti-EMMPRIN treatment. Proteins associated with the pathways are listed in Supplementary Table 7.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative quantification of extracellular PPIA (ePPIA) (A) , EMMPRIN (EMN) (B) and the phosphorylated form pf p65/NF-kB (p-p65) (C) in SOD1 G93A astrocytes treated 24h with 0.5nM anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) or isotype control (CTR Ab) antibodies. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 independent experiments (dots) expressed as fold of NTg cells. Target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001 by unpaired T-Test. (D) Relative quantification of the 42 commonly secreted factors between untreated SOD1 G93A and NTg astrocytes treated with PPIA (List in Supplementary Table 4) released from SOD1 G93A astrocytes after 24h treatment with 0.5nM anti-EMMPRIN (G:E) or isotype control (G:C) antibodies. Red (upregulated), black (unchanged), blue (downregulated). Pooled media of n=4 preparations in duplicate. Data are expressed as fold of Ntg untreated cells (N:U). *, p<0.05; ** versus SOD1 G93A astrocytes treated with control antibody by unpaired T-Test. Relative fold change, p-value, difference and q-value are listed in Supplementary Table 6. (E) Pie chart of upregulated, unchanged or downregulated proteins in SOD1 G93A astrocytes treated with anti-EMMPRIN compared to control antibody treated SOD1 G93A astrocytes. (F) Significant leading pathways related to the 30 downregulated proteins found in SOD1 G93A astrocytes after anti-EMMPRIN treatment. Proteins associated with the pathways are listed in Supplementary Table 7.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Control

    (A) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human TDP-43 WT , TDP-43 A315T , or empty plasmid (mock) for 48h and treated with 0.5nM PPIA during the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=6-8 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (B) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with siRNA control (siCTR) or against EMMPRIN (siEMN) for 72h, including 48h transfection with human TDP-43 WT or TDP-43 A315T and 24h treatment with 0.5nM PPIA. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (C) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human TDP-43 WT or TDP-43 A315T plasmids for 48h and treated with a combination of 0.5nM PPIA and 0.5nM of control (CTR Ab) or 0.5nM anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) antibody for the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-6 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For all experiments: All data were obtained by luciferase assay. Data are expressed as fold of Mock untreated cells. Relative luminescence units (RLU) were normalized on total proteins (TP, μg); *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human TDP-43 WT , TDP-43 A315T , or empty plasmid (mock) for 48h and treated with 0.5nM PPIA during the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=6-8 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. (B) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with siRNA control (siCTR) or against EMMPRIN (siEMN) for 72h, including 48h transfection with human TDP-43 WT or TDP-43 A315T and 24h treatment with 0.5nM PPIA. Data are mean±SEM of n=3 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. (C) NF-kB activity in Hek-p65-luc cells transfected with human TDP-43 WT or TDP-43 A315T plasmids for 48h and treated with a combination of 0.5nM PPIA and 0.5nM of control (CTR Ab) or 0.5nM anti-EMMPRIN (EMN Ab) antibody for the last 24h. Data are mean±SEM of n=3-6 independent experiments. Two-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. For all experiments: All data were obtained by luciferase assay. Data are expressed as fold of Mock untreated cells. Relative luminescence units (RLU) were normalized on total proteins (TP, μg); *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Luciferase

    Representative dot blot (A) and relative quantification ( B) of extracellular PPIA in the CSF of Ntg and TDP-43 A315T mice. One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *, p=0.0248. One-Way Anova for linear trend in TDP-43 A315T mice: p=0.1466. Representative western blot ( C ) and relative quantification of the high-glycosylated (50kDa) (D) and the low-glycosylated (37kDa) (E) forms of EMMPRIN (EMN) in the lumbar spinal cord of Ntg and TDP-43 A315T mice. One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. **, p=0.0020; ***, p=0.0001. One-Way Anova for linear trend in TDP-43 A315T mice: HG-EMN, p=0.0051; LG-EMN, p=0.0054. For A-E, target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 mice/stage (6 months, onset; 10 months, early symptomatic; 13 months, late-symptomatic). (F) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in neuronal cells (NeuN, green) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and TDP-43 A315T mice at the onset of the disease (6 months). Large neurons, i.e motoneurons, are labeled by anti-EMMPRIN antibody. (G) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, green) expression in astrocytes (GFAP, red) or microglia (Iba1, gray) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of TDP-43 A315T mice at the early symptomatic stage (10 months). Please note that due to antigen retrieval we observed some Iba1 leaking signal in neurons (yellow arrow heads). For F, G: experiments have been performed in n=3 mice/group. Scale bar = 100μm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Astrocytic activation of EMMPRIN contributes to their pathological phenotype in ALS

    doi: 10.1101/2025.02.23.639749

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative dot blot (A) and relative quantification ( B) of extracellular PPIA in the CSF of Ntg and TDP-43 A315T mice. One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *, p=0.0248. One-Way Anova for linear trend in TDP-43 A315T mice: p=0.1466. Representative western blot ( C ) and relative quantification of the high-glycosylated (50kDa) (D) and the low-glycosylated (37kDa) (E) forms of EMMPRIN (EMN) in the lumbar spinal cord of Ntg and TDP-43 A315T mice. One-Way Anova followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. **, p=0.0020; ***, p=0.0001. One-Way Anova for linear trend in TDP-43 A315T mice: HG-EMN, p=0.0051; LG-EMN, p=0.0054. For A-E, target protein intensity was normalized on total transferred proteins (TTP). Data are mean±SEM of n=3-4 mice/stage (6 months, onset; 10 months, early symptomatic; 13 months, late-symptomatic). (F) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, gray) expression in neuronal cells (NeuN, green) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of NTg and TDP-43 A315T mice at the onset of the disease (6 months). Large neurons, i.e motoneurons, are labeled by anti-EMMPRIN antibody. (G) Representative image of EMMPRIN (EMN, green) expression in astrocytes (GFAP, red) or microglia (Iba1, gray) in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord of TDP-43 A315T mice at the early symptomatic stage (10 months). Please note that due to antigen retrieval we observed some Iba1 leaking signal in neurons (yellow arrow heads). For F, G: experiments have been performed in n=3 mice/group. Scale bar = 100μm.

    Article Snippet: Antibodies used for immunoblot, (western/dot blot) (IB), immunofluorescence (IF) are as follows: rat monoclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; 1:500 for IF; Bio-Rad, #MCA2283), rabbit polyclonal anti-EMMPRIN antibody (1:1000 for IB; ProteinTech, #11989-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:5000 for IB; ProteinTech, #10720-1-AP), rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-kB p65 subunit antibody (1:1000 for IB; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-8008), rabbit polyclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3033), mouse monoclonal anti-phospo-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) antibody (1:1000 for IB; Cell Signaling Technology, #3036), rabbit polyclonal anti-Iba-1 antibody (1:500 for IF; Wako, #019-19741), mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #3670), mouse monoclonal anti-PPIA antibody (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen, #39-1100), rabbit monoclonal anti-NeuN antibody (1:500 for IF; Cell Signaling Technology, #12943), goat polyclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase antibody (1:500 for IF; Millipore, #AB114P), goat anti-mouse, anti-rabbit or anti-rat peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:5000 for IB; Jackson Immunoresearch Lab), goat Alexa Fluor 647 or 555 or 488 anti-mouse or anti-rabbit or anti-rat or anti-goat fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:500 for IF; Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Dot Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, Comparison, Western Blot, Expressing, Labeling

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Endocytic recycling is central to circadian collagen fibrillogenesis and disrupted in fibrosis

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.95842

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Antibody , Rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) to collagen-I , Aviva Systems Biology , Cat# OARA02579, RRID: AB10873334 , 1:500 (WB).

    Techniques: Generated, Recombinant, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, In Vitro, Control, Cloning, Mutagenesis, Polymer, Reverse Transcription, esiRNA, Modification, Software, Sequencing

    A. Representative immunoblot showing MCT4 and CD147 protein levels corresponding to different protocols. B. Results of relative quantitative analysis by immunoblotting. C. Expression of CD147 (red) and the glial marker GFAP (green) were determined by immunofluorescence double labeling. Scale bar = 25 μm. D. Relative quantitative analysis of MCT4 and CD147 mRNA levels by real-time PCR. * P < 0.05 vs. MCT4 lentiviral+CD147 siRNA group; # P < 0.05 vs. MCT4 lentiviral group (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction; n = 3 independent experiments per group).

    Journal: PLOS ONE

    Article Title: Monocarboxylate transporter dependent mechanism is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cell lines via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312939

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Representative immunoblot showing MCT4 and CD147 protein levels corresponding to different protocols. B. Results of relative quantitative analysis by immunoblotting. C. Expression of CD147 (red) and the glial marker GFAP (green) were determined by immunofluorescence double labeling. Scale bar = 25 μm. D. Relative quantitative analysis of MCT4 and CD147 mRNA levels by real-time PCR. * P < 0.05 vs. MCT4 lentiviral+CD147 siRNA group; # P < 0.05 vs. MCT4 lentiviral group (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction; n = 3 independent experiments per group).

    Article Snippet: Cells were incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-MCT4 (catalog #: PAB21410, 1:2000; Abnova Corporation) or rabbit polyclonal anti-CD147 (catalog #: PA5-29787, 1:1000; Invitrogen Life Technologies, Rockford, IL, USA), and mouse monoclonal GFAP (catalog #: 3670, 1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) antibodies.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

    A. Cell proliferation curves of U251 cells. B. Cell proliferation curves of U87 cells. The curves constructed from independent experiments revealed decreased cell proliferation in MCT4 and CD147 siRNA interference cells, but increased cell proliferation in lentivirus-transduced cells. C. Representative images of migration assay at 0 and 24 h (100× magnification). D. Distance of migrated cells in each group. Results expressed as mean±SD. Cell migration in U215 and U87 cells was significantly inhibited in MCT4 and CD147 siRNA interference cells compared with blank cells, but enhanced in lentivirus-transduced cells at 24 h. E. Representative images of invading cells (200× magnification). F. Number of invading cells in each group. Results expressed as mean±SD. U251 and U87 cell invasiveness was significantly attenuated following MCT4 or CD147 interference compared with blank cells, but enhanced in lentivirus-transduced cells. * P < 0.05 versus blank group, # P < 0.05 versus MCT4 siRNA group, & P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus +CD147 siRNA group, $ P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus group (ANOVA with post hoc Tamhane correction; n = 3 per cell lines and per day).

    Journal: PLOS ONE

    Article Title: Monocarboxylate transporter dependent mechanism is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cell lines via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312939

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Cell proliferation curves of U251 cells. B. Cell proliferation curves of U87 cells. The curves constructed from independent experiments revealed decreased cell proliferation in MCT4 and CD147 siRNA interference cells, but increased cell proliferation in lentivirus-transduced cells. C. Representative images of migration assay at 0 and 24 h (100× magnification). D. Distance of migrated cells in each group. Results expressed as mean±SD. Cell migration in U215 and U87 cells was significantly inhibited in MCT4 and CD147 siRNA interference cells compared with blank cells, but enhanced in lentivirus-transduced cells at 24 h. E. Representative images of invading cells (200× magnification). F. Number of invading cells in each group. Results expressed as mean±SD. U251 and U87 cell invasiveness was significantly attenuated following MCT4 or CD147 interference compared with blank cells, but enhanced in lentivirus-transduced cells. * P < 0.05 versus blank group, # P < 0.05 versus MCT4 siRNA group, & P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus +CD147 siRNA group, $ P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus group (ANOVA with post hoc Tamhane correction; n = 3 per cell lines and per day).

    Article Snippet: Cells were incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-MCT4 (catalog #: PAB21410, 1:2000; Abnova Corporation) or rabbit polyclonal anti-CD147 (catalog #: PA5-29787, 1:1000; Invitrogen Life Technologies, Rockford, IL, USA), and mouse monoclonal GFAP (catalog #: 3670, 1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) antibodies.

    Techniques: Construct, Migration

    A. Representative immunoblot showing phospho-Akt and total-Akt protein levels corresponding to different protocols. B. Results of relative quantitative analysis by immunoblotting. Levels of phospho-Akt were reduced in MCT4 and CD147 siRNA interference cells, but significantly increased in lentivirus-transduced cells compared with blank cells, while total-Akt expression was unchanged. * P < 0.05 versus blank group, # P < 0.05 versus MCT4 siRNA group, & P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus +CD147 siRNA group, $ P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus group (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction; n = 3 independent experiments per group).

    Journal: PLOS ONE

    Article Title: Monocarboxylate transporter dependent mechanism is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioblastoma cell lines via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312939

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Representative immunoblot showing phospho-Akt and total-Akt protein levels corresponding to different protocols. B. Results of relative quantitative analysis by immunoblotting. Levels of phospho-Akt were reduced in MCT4 and CD147 siRNA interference cells, but significantly increased in lentivirus-transduced cells compared with blank cells, while total-Akt expression was unchanged. * P < 0.05 versus blank group, # P < 0.05 versus MCT4 siRNA group, & P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus +CD147 siRNA group, $ P < 0.05 versus MCT4 lentivirus group (ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni correction; n = 3 independent experiments per group).

    Article Snippet: Cells were incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-MCT4 (catalog #: PAB21410, 1:2000; Abnova Corporation) or rabbit polyclonal anti-CD147 (catalog #: PA5-29787, 1:1000; Invitrogen Life Technologies, Rockford, IL, USA), and mouse monoclonal GFAP (catalog #: 3670, 1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) antibodies.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing